Crude oil (petroleum) is made up of compounds made of hydrogen and carbon, they are called hydrocarbons Carbons is a very versatile element, it can join up to make chains, branched chains and rings Th

Acids ?         Acids from animal and plant material are called Organic acid ?         Acids that chemists have found wa

Rate of Reaction ?         The amount of reaction which occurs in unit time ?         Fast reactions have high rates, an

Exothermic Reactions ?         These are reactions that give out energy (mostly in the form of heat) ?         E.g. Resp

Electrolysis ?         The process of decomposing a compound by passage of an electric current ?         When elements

The Atom ? Smallest particle that can take place in a chemical reaction ? Consists of three sub-atomic particles, electrons, protons, neutrons Electrons ? Negatively charged, found in energy shells o

Symbols of Elements ?         A letter or two letters which stand for one atom of the element ?         Element symbols

Filtration ?         Used to mainly separate suspensions ?         E.g. chalk and water ?     

Matter ?         Anything that has mass and occupies space (has volume) ?         Matter is composed of particles (molec

The following are neccesary for the healthy growth of plants Nitrogen - protein manufacture, strong healthy leaves Phosphorous - root development Potassium - survival of frost and disease Fertilise

This topic focuses on a variety of colloidal systems and stresses their importance in everday life.Colloids are a mixture, that are between true solutions and suspensions e.g milk, with butterfat dis

This topic describes the importance of fossil fuels and the products of burning and includes aspects of energy transfer. This leads on to a discussion of the impact that burning fuels has on the envir

This section draws together ideas from many sections of the syllabus and develops further the Peridoic Table to give an indication of the ways chemists use theories to rationalise their knowledge. Ide

Metals and Non-Metal Properties of Metals malleable ductile sonorous shiny conduct heat conduct electricity hard and strong Non Metals brittle dull do not conduct electricity do not conduct h

States of Matter Solid fixed shape fixed volume particles held together by strong forces particles can vibrate on the spot particles cannot be compressed together Liquid Fixed volume Takes the sh

The general properties of acids are considered and the process of salt formation by reaction of an acid with base developed. Wherever possible, this is put in everyday context with which the students

Crude Oil: Is a mixture of hydrocarbons Molecular Formula C4H10  Graphical Formula Carbon atoms can join up in chains, branched chains, or rings. (Note: I may add the images for these) Physica