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Acids and Alkalis

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The general properties of acids are considered and the process of salt formation by reaction of an acid with base developed. Wherever possible, this is put in everyday context with which the students may be familiar. The idea that energy changes may be involved when chemicals react is introduced.

Common Acids

• Hydrochloric Acid - HCL
• Sulphuric Acid - H2SO4
• Nitric Acid - HNO3
  

Properties of Acids

• pH less than 7 - strongest pH1 - weakest Ph6
• produce H+ ions when dissolved in water
• turn all indicators red

Reactions

• acid + base = a salt + water
• acid + carbonate = a salt + water + carbon dioxide
• acid + metal = a salt + hydrogen
  • hydrochloric acid + metal = chloride + Hydrogen
  • sulphuric acid + metal = sulphate + hydrogen
  • nitric acid + metal = nitrate + hydrogen
• acid + metal oxide = salt + water

pH Scale

• 7 = neutral
• above seven = alkali
• below seven = acid

Making Salts

example:

• hydrochloric acid + magnesium = a salt + hydrogen
• 2HCl + 2Mg -> 2MgCl + H2

 

About the Author

by: Admin
Total views: 1899
Word Count: 472
Date: Sun, 21 May 2006 Time: 12:00 AM
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