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CramPuppy - Free Revision Notes » Igcse » Economics » Costs

Costs

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Fixed costs: costs that do not change (in the short run) with the change in the output level

 

1.      e.g. House will always have the same amount of rent no matter how many people are in it

2.      These costs are incurred/paid even when no output is produced

3.      Fixed cost has to be paid for whether or not a company makes profit ^

4.      e.g. interest rate paid on bank loan (always)

 

Variable costs: costs that change/vary directly with output (increase output and costs increases)

e.g. raw material, fuel, cost of electricity use, overtime payments to workers

 

Total cost: the total expenditure incurred by the firm to produce a certain level of output

Total cost = fixed cost + variable cost

 

Average cost: the cost per unit of output produced

Average cost = total cost + # units produced

 

Marginal cost: the additional cost incurred by a firm to produce an additional unit of output

Marginal cost = difference in total cost + difference in # units produced

EG:

Units

Total cost

Marginal Cost

1

100

(120-100) / (2-1)

2

120

(160-120) / (3-2)

3

160

etc?

 

Profit/Loss: the amount gained/lost

Profit/Loss = Total revenue - total cost

 

Total revenue: the total income from the sale of a certain number of units of output sold

Total revenue = price x quantity

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by: Admin
Total views: 765
Word Count: 1918
Date: Sun, 21 May 2006 Time: 12:00 AM
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