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Date: Sat, 20 May 2006 Time: 12:00 AM
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League of Nations
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Aims of the League of Nations
- To deal with disputes among nations
- To prevent war
- To protect the indipendance of countries and safegaurd ther borders.
- Encourage reduction of arms
- Help countries economically and socially
Attitude of Britain and France towards the League
Britain
- Had an empire to worry about, did they really have to get involved in every little squable?
- League was supposed to uphold the terms of the Treaty, Britan felt it was too harsh
France
- As long as the league protected them from Germany, they were happy
Organisation of The League of Nations
The General Assembly
- Met anually
- representatives from all countries
- decided upon general policy
- and Finances
- Unanimous decisions only
The Council
- Met at least three times a year
- 4 permanant members (Britain, France, Italy and Japan)
- 4 other members on 3 year rotations (later 9 members)
- worked on specific political disputes
- decisions had to be unanimous
The Permanant Court of International Justice
- Based in the Hague, Holland
- 15 Judges of mixed nationality
- Sorted legal disputes between states
The Secretariat
- Administration and Paperwork
Commissions and Comittees
- Specific problems
- mandates, miliarty affairs, minority groups, dissarmament commissions
- Internation Labour Organisation, Wolrd Health Organisation
- Child and drug trafficing, womens rights
Peace Keeping
- Collective Security
- Council decides action
- members contribute weapons/troops
Why was everyone so optimistic for the League when it was set up?
- After war, it was seen as something better
- Idealistic views
- It was new
- Never seen before
- Great promises
- Many members
- Strong members
- Giving it a chance to prove itself
- A guide
- WW1 memories, and a desire for peace
The League of Nations in the 1920's
- Mainly boundry disputes
- Minor changes to Poland, Danzig, Memel, and Silesia
- Disputes over areas in Turkey, South Armenia and the Baltic sea.
- Failed to stop war between Greece and Turkey (1919-22)
Vilna - 1920
- Poland invaded Vilna, the capital of Lithuania.
- Poland kept it
- France and Britain didn't want to act
Upper Silesia - 1921
- Germany and Poland wanted it
- A plebiscite was taken
- was split in half
- Peace was maintained
Aaland Islands - 1921
- Finland and Sweden both wanted them
- Finland got it, since League said so, and Sweden accepted
- Peace maintained
Corfu Incident - 1923
- Italian General shot, while there
- Italy shelled Island, and demanded compensation
- Conference of Ambassadors overode League, so Italy didn't have to back down
- League then had to be in favour of Mussolini (he pressured them)
- Reperations had to be paid to Italy
Locarno Pact - 1924
- (Britain and France went outside of the League of Nations to make this)
- Germany promised to keep to its western borders. (no mention of Eastern borders.)
Bulgaria - 1925
- Greek troops invaded Bulgaria
- League condemned the action
- Greece had to pull troops out, and pay reparations to Bulgaria
- (Greece felt this was unfair, since in Corfu incident, the powerful country got its way)
Also
- Turkey claimed Mosul a British mandate of Iraq. League gave it to Iraq (no surprise, since Britain controlled League
Kellogg Pact - 1928
- No war pact
- 65 countries joined
The Great Depression - 1929
- Unemployement
- Falling standards of living
- Dictators came into power
There was very little move towards general dissarmament at all during the 1920's.
The League of Nations in the 1930's
- Wall Street crash 1929 <- Start of the Great Depression
- Distrust grew
- Dictators came to power
The Japanese Invasion of Manturia - 1931
- Japan invaded Manchuia
- China appeals to the Leage of Nations
- In 1933 the Leage of Nations condemned Japans action
- Japan left the league
- League had no influence in that area, and could do no more
German Rearmamament
- 1932 - Wolrd Dissarmament Conference
- failed
- Germany walked out
- failed
- 1933 - Germany left the League
- 1935 - Britain made a naval agreement with Germany
- Germany would keep its navy 35% of Britains
- This was breaking the Treaty of Versaille
- The League of Nations was helpless, because Britain made the deal
- Germany would keep its navy 35% of Britains
Abyssinian Crisis (Ethiopia) : 1934-35
Reasons for Italian agression
- Italy had always wanted to take over Abyssinia
- One of the few uncolonised countries in Africa
- In 1896, Italy had invaded, but failed to take over
- Mussolini needed a succesful war to distract from incompetant government
- Mussolini said he wanted to civilise a backward people
- Mussolini wnted to set up a North African Empire
What Happened
- Mussolini invaded Abyssinia
- Abyssinians appealed to the League of Nations
- Weak economic sanctions were imposed (not including coal, oil and steel)
- French and English worried about upsetting Mussolini and pushing him closer towards Hitler
- Hoare-Laval pact - Two thirds of Ethiopia would go to Italy - this was not accepted when public found out (Hoare and Laval lost positions)
- Only collective security from the League could have stopped him - It didn't happen
Commisions and Commitees
Though the League failed in many respects, it was succesful with its social and economic agencies.
International Labour Organisation (ILO)
- fix a maximum working day and week
- adequate minimum wages
- sickness and unemployement benefit
- Old age pensions
Refugee Commission
- Led by Fridtjoff Nansen
- Returned thousands of prisoners of war home
World Health Organisation (WHO)
- Inverstigated causes of epidemics
- combated typhus epidemic in Russia
The Mandates Commission
- Supervides government of mandate
- Seperate commission for the Saar
Dissarmament Commission
- Failed
There are many other examples, you may want to look up, as well as specific examples, though for the exam, this is enough.
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by: Admin
Total views: 2441
Word Count: 1345
Date: Sat, 20 May 2006 Time: 12:00 AM
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