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301: Forces and Motion
Force force is measture in newtons F=ma force = mass x acceleration Unbalanced forces=motion speed s=d/t acceleration (v-u)/t veloctiy v=at or if objects are moving, it stays at constant sp..

302: Motion
Speed How fast and object is moving. How long it takes to cover a certain distance/ (m/s) speed=distance/time Speed/Velocity time graph See this page Velocity Speed in a certain direction for..

303: The Strength of Solids
Hookes Law The extension (spring) is directly proportional to the pulling force. (weight) Moments A forece that makes something turn, or rotate is called a moment Calculating Moments moment of a for..

304: Particles in motion
Kinetic Theory of Matter (movement of particles) Element: made of one type of atom Mixture: more than one element mixed together in any proportions, and keep its own properties, and can be seperated ..

305: Seamus Heaney Poems
Digging -          Snug as a gun - Gives us a sense of the power and control Heaney has when writing and his ability to put across his thoughts and feeling..

306: Writing Literature Essays
Writing Literature EssaysDuring the two year IGCSE course you will be expected to write about the texts you study in a variety of ways. You may be asked to write a diary or monologue in role as o..

307: A Strategy for Reading Novels
A story is a fictitious tale that is written to entertain, amuse, or instruct the reader. A novel is the same as a story but it is longer and more complex. To understand a story or novel, you need to ..

308: Acids, Bases and Salts
Acids ?         Acids from animal and plant material are called Organic acid ?         Acids that chemists have found wa..

309: Chemical Reactions
Rate of Reaction ?         The amount of reaction which occurs in unit time ?         Fast reactions have high rates, an..

310: Chemical Changes
Exothermic Reactions ?         These are reactions that give out energy (mostly in the form of heat) ?         E.g. Resp..

311: Electricity and Chemistry
Electrolysis ?         The process of decomposing a compound by passage of an electric current ?         When elements..

312: Atoms, Elements and Compounds
The Atom ? Smallest particle that can take place in a chemical reaction ? Consists of three sub-atomic particles, electrons, protons, neutrons Electrons ? Negatively charged, found in energy shells o..

313: Stoichiometry
Symbols of Elements ?         A letter or two letters which stand for one atom of the element ?         Element symbols ..

314: Experimental Technique
Filtration ?         Used to mainly separate suspensions ?         E.g. chalk and water ?     ..

315: The Particulate Nature of Matter
Matter ?         Anything that has mass and occupies space (has volume) ?         Matter is composed of particles (molec..

316: Fertilisers
The following are neccesary for the healthy growth of plants Nitrogen - protein manufacture, strong healthy leaves Phosphorous - root development Potassium - survival of frost and disease Fertilise..

317: Colloids
This topic focuses on a variety of colloidal systems and stresses their importance in everday life.Colloids are a mixture, that are between true solutions and suspensions e.g milk, with butterfat dis..

318: Fuels
This topic describes the importance of fossil fuels and the products of burning and includes aspects of energy transfer. This leads on to a discussion of the impact that burning fuels has on the envir..

319: Atoms, Bonding and the Periodic Table
This section draws together ideas from many sections of the syllabus and develops further the Peridoic Table to give an indication of the ways chemists use theories to rationalise their knowledge. Ide..

320: Classifying the Elements
Metals and Non-Metal Properties of Metals malleable ductile sonorous shiny conduct heat conduct electricity hard and strong Non Metals brittle dull do not conduct electricity do not conduct h..

321: The Elements of Chemistry
States of Matter Solid fixed shape fixed volume particles held together by strong forces particles can vibrate on the spot particles cannot be compressed together Liquid Fixed volume Takes the sh..

322: Acids and Alkalis
The general properties of acids are considered and the process of salt formation by reaction of an acid with base developed. Wherever possible, this is put in everyday context with which the students ..

323: Petrochemicals
Crude Oil: Is a mixture of hydrocarbons Molecular Formula C4H10  Graphical Formula Carbon atoms can join up in chains, branched chains, or rings. (Note: I may add the images for these) Physica..

324: Scarcity, Choice and Opportunity Cost
Scarcity: limited resources required to satisfy our (human) wants. Resources are insufficient in supply   Choice: choose between different alternatives/possibilities   Opportunity cost: the ..

325: Resources: factors of production (FOP) or Inputs
Labour -          Capital -          Enterprise   Land: the land, all that is underneath, and all that ..


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