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351: Banks

A bank accepts a deposit or they lend money (loans). They get the loan money by the other deposits. Liquidity: the ease with which an asset can be converted into cash What banks make sur..

352: Trade Unions

Trade union: a group of workers coming together with similar work who defend the workers There are different types of trade unions, either for employees or employers. The idea of these are that..

353: Mobility

Geographical mobility: the ease with which workers move from one place to another Occupational mobility: the ease with which workers move from one occupation to another ..

354: Costs

Fixed costs: costs that do not change (in the short run) with the change in the output level 1. e.g. House will always have the same amount of rent no matter how m..

355: Internal Economies of Scale

Scale: level of output (Internal) Economies of Scale: cost advantages that a business enjoys in the form of lower cost per unit/average cost when the level of out produced/scale of production&nb..

356: Internal Dis-Economies of Scale

Internal dis-economies of scale: cost disadvantages that a business will experience in the form of higher average cost of production when a firm expands the level of production Management Disec..

357: Profit

Profit = Revenue - cost of production Savings = income over and above consumption expenditure Factors that affect savings are: 1. The level of income: it is the la..

358: Wages

ncome - Deductions = disposable incomes Deductions = income tax/membership bill Disposable income = consumption (C), savings (S), investment (I) Net pay: the disposable income. Also call..

359: Demand for Labour

Demand for labour: a derived demand. Demand for labour is indirect. 1. The demand for labour is determined by the demand for the output produced by the labour: The..

360: Law of Supply of Labour

(The amount of people who have a willingness to work) supply of labour: the exception to the law of supply. It is called backward bending supply curve of labour. After a while of paying more an..

361: Factors Affecting the Supply of Labour

a) The size of the population b) The structure and composition of the population c) The number of working hour..

362: Efficiency of Labour

Efficiency of labour: the productivity of labour i.e. the output per man/hour Factors affecting efficiency of labour: a) Educational qualification of labour force ..

363: Interest

Interest: reward for parting with liquidity The interest rate is decided by the demand for and supply of loans. The higher the risk, the higher the interest. They charge more to discoura..

364: Economic Rent

Economic rent: what you get over and above transfer earning. Transfer earning: the next best paid job Rent of ability: special talent/ability that earns you income much greater than the average ..

365: Homeostasis

Homeostasis is defined as the maintenance of constant internal conditions within organisms. The principle can be developed in a wide range of contexts, including the maintenance of balanced water leve..

366: Responding to Changes in the Environment

All organisms respond to chnges in their environment and this section explores some of the ways in which they do this. The human eye is studied as an example of a receptor organ.Stimuli: Changes in ex..

367: Respiration

This section introduces respiration as a process for transferring energy from food (e.g. glucose) to the cells of an organism. Oxygen is normally required for respiration and carbon dioxide is produce..

368: Transport Systems - The Blood, Heart and Transport in Plants

This section allows transport systems to be examined. The need for transport systems in large organisms is considered, together with the ways in which the major transport systems of plants and mammals..

369: Gaseous Exchange in Animals

This section provides the opportunity for investigating how the human breathing system allows the exchange of fases between alveoli and the blood caplillaries. The effects of cigarette smoke on health..

370: Photosynthesis

This section examines the physiology of photosynthesis and how it related to agriculture and food production. The value of photosynthesis as an oxygen producing process is examined and is related to t..

371: Digestion

Digestion is presented as a means of transforming complex food substances into smaller molecules prior to absorption into the body. The functions of the human digestive systems are examined, as well a..

372: Cellular Organisation and Function

This section looks at the cell as the basic unit from which most living organisms are constructed. The pats of a cell are identified and their functions considered. Differences between plant and anima..

373: The Principles of Biological Classification and ther Diversity of Organisms

All organism within a group show certain common characteristics that have been used to place them in that group. Organisms have a large number of different characteristics, many of which enable them t..

374: Timeline of Peace Treaties

Communist revolution in Russia - November 1917 Russia signs peace treaty with Germany - Treaty of Brest-Litovosk - March 1918 WW1 ended (armistace) - November 1918 Paris Peace Conference - 1919 Treaty..

375: Treaty of Versaille - Aims of the big three & the conditions they were working under

President Woodrow Wilson - USA Idealistic wanted a better and safer world His 14 points included There should be no secret treaties; all international agreements should be open. Armaments should be ..

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