Fertilisers

• The following are neccesary for the healthy growth of plants
• Nitrogen - protein manufacture, strong healthy leaves
• Phosphorous - root development
• Potassium - survival of frost and disease

Fertilisers are substances added to the soil to replace elements used up by plants. And are neccesary for the healthy growth of plants

Haber Process

• N₂ + 3H₂ <-> 2NH₃
  • Its an exothermic reaction

Factors affecting dynamic equilibrium

• High pressure favours the side with least molecules
• Low temperature favours the exothermic reaction

Actual Conditions Used

• High pressure (200-400 atmospheres)
• Low temp. (450C)
• Iron used as catalyst

Where Raw Materials are gained

• Nitrogen from the air (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide removed)
• Hydrogen by reacting steam with natural gas

Porcess

• Gasses fed into catalyst chamber
  • uncreacted Nitrogen + Hydrogen (both insoluable) + Ammonia (soluable)
• All cooled, and you get liquid ammonia, leaving nitrogen and hydrogen gasses which are recycled

Nitric Acid

 

1)

•  Oxidation of ammonia -> nitrogen dioxide
• ammonia + oxygen -> nitrogen dioxide + water
• 4NH₃ + 7O₂ -> 4NO₂ + H₂O

 2)

• Nitrogen dioxide + oxygen + water -> Nitric Acid
• 4NO₂ + 3O₂ + 2H₂O -> 4NHO₃

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